Can the theories in Machiavelli's THE PRINCE be used to justify the Essay

Can the theories in Machiavelli's THE PRINCE be used to justify the totalitarian actions and theories of Marx, Lenin and Stalin - Essay Example The totalitarian actions of several great world leaders have walked on the path he laid causing indestructible loss to the humanity as well as morals. Machiavelli's theories do justify the actions of the leaders, who sculpted the history of the human kind, but history had proved again and again total control over any community, unleashed through chameleonic actions, fear and attacking first will only fail sooner or later. Act According to the Situation Machiavelli always argued the leaders should be ready to act in a chameleonic way to preserve their power. According to him it is completely just to lure the people using various philosophies like patriotism, capitalism etc. They should never regret to change it as and when necessary, if there is a threat for their power. He says every leader should be ready to take the help of the evil to sustain power if they are compelled to do so. "...he (the leader of the state) must stick to the good so long as he can, but, being compelled be nec essity, he must be ready to take the way of the evil."(Machiavelli, 63) Both Karl Marx and Machiavelli did agree that there is an existing tension prevailing between the nobles and the common men for centuries. Both challenged the primitive believes of the previous generations. They put forward new ideas to change the world. Marx saw people as social beings whose total history is merely a class struggle. Each struggle leads to some sort of development. Machiavelli actually defines the rules and regulations for these struggles. Machiavellianism seen as a satire helps Marxists understand the evils of bourgeoisie much better. But, Karl Marx’s actions were influenced by the ideologies in the book to a great extent. While Marx and Machiavelli were two different poles when it came to society’s freedom and development, both shared similar views on acquiring power. Machiavelli has personally experienced all the brutalities like Strapeddo and confinement within a short area whi ch Marx struggled to remove from the society. He penned down the Prince with the aim of impressing his Lorenzo di Medici, the then Italian prince who had the capability to reduce his sentence (Wooton, 1994). The struggling did shape Machiavelli’s mind and gave him the capability to analyze the reason behind such issues. Machiavelli clearly described no man is good and there is no point in resolving only good means to fight or rule him. Similarly Karl Marx also agreed every man in a political animal and they need iron hands to rule them until humanity evolves into better state. Karl Marx struggled to establish a communal government where the poorest of the poor who were suppressed in every possible way would get some sort of freedom and justice. He believed it would be possible only through complete power change. His â€Å"Dictatorship of Proletariat† is the best example of how power will be shifted from one class to the other. This is what Machiavelli describes as taki ng the help of evil. Marxism actually lures people into believing everybody will be treated fair, with equality and mercy. But, the means to acquire power to materialize the same will be brutal, crushing everybody possible. In simple word Marxists can take the help of the evil to establish goodness in the world. They can kill the very mob they guaranteed freedom to achieve power. Karl Marx did have close contacts with many elite, rich

Ritz Carlton Hotels and Service quality Research Paper

Ritz Carlton Hotels and Service quality - Research Paper Example The Ritz Carlton has developed excellent service delivery strategies, which enable it to stay at the top (Reiss, 2009). This paper will look at some of the strategies, and how these ideas have shaped the way for other hotels to embrace service quality as a means of acquiring and retaining customers. For the Ritz Carlton, customer service is something they invest in, offering their employees more than a hundred hours of customer service education so as to ensure their preparedness when dealing with customers. When organizations in the hotel industry neglect the aspect of improving service quality in favor of cutting costs, they are doing a great disservice to their customers and the organization’s stakeholders. The Ritz Carlton, in its bid to be the best, implements the three steps of service, which involves; welcoming customers, anticipation and compliance, and fond farewells (Reiss, 2009). Customers create bonds and relationships with employees, hence; creating an exceptional reputation in the whole industry. In the three steps of service, a warm welcome is part of the package for customers. Whenever guests arrive, it is customary to greet them and address them using their names when and if possible. In this strategy, there is the anticipation and fulfillment of the guests needs. In this case, the employees anticipate what the guest’s needs may be, and helps in fulfilling them to the customer’s satisfaction. This brings in a cordial relationship between the people involved. A fond farewell, which is part of this package, enables the customers to feel like they are leaving a part of them behind, which makes it easier to make a return whenever possible (Verma, 2012). The ‘twelve service values’ is a strategy that allows the employees to bring forth the brand’s promise to its customers and guests. In this strategy, each starts with letter â€Å"I†, which works to demonstrate the power

Modern History of the Jaipur Textile Handicraft in Asia

Modern History of the Jaipur Textile Handicraft in Asia The Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, led one of the significant struggle movements during the Indian struggle of Independence, the Non-Cooperation Movement. Aimed towards resisting the British occupation of the nation, hundreds of men and women rallied together. Following the ways of non-violence or ahimsa, the protestors actually tried to uphold the values of integrity and Indian honor by not buying British goods. Since local handicrafts were dying a slow death due to persistent and forceful import of British factory-made goods, a mass scale protest was organised to save the local artisans and their artwork. The colonial oppression and the anger of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre were the major reasons behind such a mass led movement. India has always been a traditionally agrarian economy. Inspite of lack of insufficient qualitative assessment of those times, there is an estimation that the countrys reap was quite an income. During the pre-colonial period of India, the raw and finished textile handicrafts like calicos, muslin, handcrafted shawls, along with other agricultural products were exported to Europe, South East Asia, and the Middle East in exchange of silver and gold. As the British colonialism started, the bankruptcy of the Indias handicraft industry took place. The Industrial Revolution in Europe and the policies implemented by the Company rule in India deprived India of its profits. After Independence, the textile handicraft industry has been helped to revive by various initiatives by the government. With such measures undertaken, the industry has spread from the rural areas to the urban areas. The textile handicraft business has become a high paying job and a business option for entrepreneurs in India. Especially, the artisans of the weaker section are profited with such a respectable and dignified profession. Talking about the various textile handicraft art forms that are popular are pashmina shawl, paithani saris, gara saris, and banarasi silk saris. Being a highly labor oriented, textile handicraft industry mainly occupies women artisans. Phulkari, block printing, jamawar, block printing, batik, tie and dye, and resist printing are popularly seen artworks on various textile handicrafts. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan. It is famous for its tourism and world heritage monuments. However, it also attracts tourists and people to its land due to its alluring textile handicrafts. The local artisans also offer colorful textile handicraft fabrics in bright colors with embroidery (zardozi and hand embroidery), prints such as traditional Sanganeri hand block prints, and Bagru prints on traditional dresses such as bandhej, lehriya, pachranga, etc. Ethnic textile handicraft wear such as odhanis, safas, and other dress materials are available in plenty with an amazing play of colors and an exquisite mirrorwork on their surfaces. These actually are an excuse to create a style statement and almost every upscale fashion designer gets inspired with such trendy decorational patterns on their creations. With such a playful experience of patterns, colors and designs with Jaipuri handicraft textiles, you can experience India with a rendezvous with Jaipurs cultural and traditional beliefs that are popular worldwide. The royal Pink City also offers some valuable carpets and rugs. Carpet making has been one of the main occupations in the textile handicraft business of Jaipur. Naming its art form roots since the Mughal era, the skilled carpet artisans are mostly the descendents of the Persian weavers that were brought to India. Since then, the erstwile city rulers have patronized carpet weaving inspired with Persian as well as Turkish motifs and decorations. Some of the carpets and rugs acquired from Jaipur have obtained the title of an antique, possessed. The specialty of such rugs is that they are all hand woven. Hand knotted and hand woven floor coverings have been taken to a next level by Jaipur Rugs Company. The gobally renowned company offers quality and durability along with the traditional and contemporary designs. Being a major exporter of rugs and carpets to most countries in the globe, Jaipur Rugs delivers style with buyer satisfaction. Come to Jaipur and buy these wonderful textile handicraft products at Kishanpol Bazaar, Tripolia Bazaar, Nehru Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar within the walled city. New piece (25 October 2010) After Independence, the textile handicraft industry of India has been revived by various initiatives by the government. With such measures undertaken, the industry has spread from rural to urban areas. The textile handicraft business has become a high paying job and a business option for budding entrepreneurs in India. Especially, the artisans of the weaker section are profited with such a respectable and dignified profession along with many of them setting up small cottage industries together in collaboration. In this direction, the Indian government has set up Khadi Gram Udyog too, to give a boost to various traditional handicrafts of India. The several outlets can be found in many states of India. Especially the khadi cloth and its ready-made garments are popular in the domestic and international bazaar. Jaipurs local artisans offer colorful textile handicraft fabrics in brilliant colors with embroidery (zardozi and hand embroidery), prints and exquisite mirror work that it makes a mini fashion industry of Rajasthans own. Origin of Textile Handicrafts Textiles being a constituent part of any civilization, its origin cannot be marked precisely but started in prehistoric Indian history. Nevertheless, the Hindu civilization being one of the oldest one surviving, its traditional textile forms are very famous worldwide. The state of Rajasthan falls in the Northern region of India. The traditions show an enthralling and colorful culture with awe-inspiring royal architecture as well as textiles. Traditionally, the rich culture and spirit of the Rajasthani native is largely held responsible for the beauty of its cultural attire that is preferred by tourists, home and abroad. Particularly Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan and means truly in terms of the availability of various Rajasthani textile handicrafts. Textile Handicrafts in Jaipur Jaipur being a city of an amalgamation of both modern and traditional provides a unique and stunning assortment of cultural attires of Rajasthan. The various textile arts are Handblock Prints, Tie and Dye, Lehariya Prints. Owing to the vibrant bright colors in the clothes, patterned arts such as Samdar Lehar, Chunari and Bandhej are a favorite amongst women and men both. Through tie and dye, splashes of white around the chosen color of the fabric are obtained as a result. Thereafter, the fabric is beautified more with further embellishments. Traditionally, handblock prints are done extensively with vegetable dyes and wooden carved blocks. However, nowadays, chemical dyes are often used for permanency of the prints on the fabric. The most famous gold-like lacework known as Zari, along with gota, zardozi, etc., seemingly cast a spell on eyes as they simply highlight a simple looking piece of cloth to an attractive one. The skillful hands of the craftsmen ably design eccentrically pretty Lehariyas that means the ripples of a shimmering ocean. Each colorfully wavy lehariya is favored by most of the women during a particular festival in Rajasthan. Batik is the freehand color textile form that generously utilises free imagination and big color palette. All blended with the proficiency of the maker turns it into a stylised form of a cloth piece that actually is a head turner. Famous Screen Printing to provide a different type of textile form that is less time consuming to make. With the kind usage of a variety of bright colors on the cloth, the photosensitivity of the color dyes is credited to create wanted pictures or designs. A textile form reflecting the epic story of Pabuji Par, a fourteenth century Rajasthani legendary figure, also exists. Every traditional native of Rajasthan recites his oral recitations and they proudly portray Pabujis heroism on textile forms. Last but not the least, Jaipurs famous Carpets and Dhurries are also one of the textile forms. The village artisans residing near and beyond Jaipur weave them. Most of them practice carpet weaving as an heirloom business since ages. Their ancestors came from Persia during the rule of Mughal ruler Akbar and settled here. Making of Textile Handicrafts Jaipurs textile forms range from clothes, curtains, table clothes, bags, carpets and many more that are known especially for their rich textures and colors. People find them interesting because of the variety of threads or fibres used to reproduce the legacy that the Rajasthani culture essence contains. With a lot of style and grace, textile forms of Rajasthan very well add a lot of personality with an amazing color palette. The rusticity of the Indian rurality with its creativity is present fully within the designs and patterns. Traditionally, every step is carried on by hands and using herbal colors. However, to meet growing demands, machines are also used often. For example, originally, hand block printing was done making patterns through cut potatoes. Later, the potato pieces replaced with teakwood carved blocks created the same magic called as Sanganeri Prints. Similarly, Bagru Prints show that opulence with the red and black combination. Not-to-miss, carpet making has been one of the main occupations in the textile handicraft business of Jaipur. Patronized carpet weaving inspired with Persian as well as Turkish motifs and decorations can still be seen that are hand woven and hand knotted. Some of the carpets and rugs acquired from Jaipur have obtained the title of an antique, possessed. Salability of Textile Handicrafts With such a playful experience of patterns, colors and designs with Jaipuri handicraft textiles, popular ones are pashmina shawl, paithani saris, gara saris, and banarasi silk saris. Ethnic textile handicraft wear such as odhanis, safas, and other dress materials are available in plenty with an amazing play of colors and an exquisite mirrorwork on their surfaces. These actually are an excuse to create a style statement and almost every upscale fashion designer gets inspired with such trendy decorational patterns on their creations. Come to Jaipur and buy these wonderful textile handicraft products at Kishanpol Bazaar, Tripolia Bazaar, Nehru Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar within the walled city.

Economics, Winning Bolivias Drug War :: essays research papers

Economics is Winning Bolivia’s Drug War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A 1998 article from the New York Times reported that Bolivia was winning its war against drugs as a result of two factors that influence the market for coca, which is used to make cocaine. First, Bolivian soldiers raided a number of coca plantations and destroyed the crops. Second, Colombians began growing more of their own coca and, as a result, now buy less from Bolivia than in the past. I am proposing that the basic principles of supply and demand are what helped to solve the drug problem. The following paragraphs will support my argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Figure 1 shows the supply and demand curves before and after the changes occurred in Bolivia. As you can see, after the coca plantations were raided, the supply of cocaine was cut short, thus shifting the supply curve to the left. Also, because Colombians began growing their own coca, demand decreased for the cocaine from Bolivia, shifting the demand curve to the left also. To sum up, supply decreased from S to S1, because of the raids, and demand decreased from D to D1 because Colombians began to grow their own coca and didn’t need to rely as much on Bolivia. The diagram clearly shows that the quantity sold at P* decreased from Q* to Q** due to these two changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the article in the New York Times, the Bolivian government hopes these changes in the coca market will motivate coca growers to switch to a substitute crop such as pineapple. This is a possibility if the price of coca falls. If the price of coca falls, supply will also decrease because it won’t be as profitable to farm coca as it was before. The falling price would then trigger farmers to switch to another crop such as pineapple.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bolivian government, hoping to eliminate the cocaine problem, indirectly turned to economics for a solution. That solution is a simple tale of cutting supply in a way that leads to a decrease in demand. That decrease came because Colombians couldn’t get the supply they wanted at the price they wanted to pay so they grew their own and helped eliminate coca growth within Bolivia. They can further solve the problem by perhaps raising the price paid for other crops so farmers will switch from growing coca to growing something else for a bigger profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although farms in other South American countries grow acres and acres of coca plants, the raw material from which cocaine is made, today, Columbia is the leading Economics, Winning Bolivias Drug War :: essays research papers Economics is Winning Bolivia’s Drug War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A 1998 article from the New York Times reported that Bolivia was winning its war against drugs as a result of two factors that influence the market for coca, which is used to make cocaine. First, Bolivian soldiers raided a number of coca plantations and destroyed the crops. Second, Colombians began growing more of their own coca and, as a result, now buy less from Bolivia than in the past. I am proposing that the basic principles of supply and demand are what helped to solve the drug problem. The following paragraphs will support my argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Figure 1 shows the supply and demand curves before and after the changes occurred in Bolivia. As you can see, after the coca plantations were raided, the supply of cocaine was cut short, thus shifting the supply curve to the left. Also, because Colombians began growing their own coca, demand decreased for the cocaine from Bolivia, shifting the demand curve to the left also. To sum up, supply decreased from S to S1, because of the raids, and demand decreased from D to D1 because Colombians began to grow their own coca and didn’t need to rely as much on Bolivia. The diagram clearly shows that the quantity sold at P* decreased from Q* to Q** due to these two changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the article in the New York Times, the Bolivian government hopes these changes in the coca market will motivate coca growers to switch to a substitute crop such as pineapple. This is a possibility if the price of coca falls. If the price of coca falls, supply will also decrease because it won’t be as profitable to farm coca as it was before. The falling price would then trigger farmers to switch to another crop such as pineapple.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bolivian government, hoping to eliminate the cocaine problem, indirectly turned to economics for a solution. That solution is a simple tale of cutting supply in a way that leads to a decrease in demand. That decrease came because Colombians couldn’t get the supply they wanted at the price they wanted to pay so they grew their own and helped eliminate coca growth within Bolivia. They can further solve the problem by perhaps raising the price paid for other crops so farmers will switch from growing coca to growing something else for a bigger profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although farms in other South American countries grow acres and acres of coca plants, the raw material from which cocaine is made, today, Columbia is the leading

Nature and Nature in Cognitive Development Essay

Why are both nature and nurture important in perceptual development? How do both help a baby’s brain and sensory organs to develop?   The question of whether nature or nurture is more important in terms of perceptual development has bee long debated. In general, there are two theories that explain how humans develop these perceptions. The Nativists claim that our brains are built or hardwired to recognize certain stimuli by both design and construction. In contrast, an Empiricist would say that we learn through experience how to perceive things. There was an experiment done by Nativist researchers that sought to determine how very young mammals are able to perceive. The data concluded that early infants were able to perceive quite a lot before they really had a chance to learn anything. Gibson and Walk’s the â€Å"visual cliff† experiment was one such experiment, in this test both young animals and 6 month old human infants were taken to a side of a visual cliff, the test subjects would avoid the clearly deep drop. This indicated that children can perceive visual depth and that visual depth dominates even touch information. Additionally, studies have been done that show babies can recognize faces and that they often prefer the visual stimulation of carton faces as opposed to the same features arranged at random. In other tests it was shown that babies can also recognize whether or not and object is coming directly at their face or not. These experiments show that even the undeveloped infant brain has considerable capacity for perceptual capabilities. In contrast, several Empiricists experiments have been done as well. In one such study, scientists sought to determine the effects of depriving developing animals from perceptual stimulations. These tests have consistently shown that the longer the subject is deprived, the more severe the consequences. For example, humans are sometimes born without sight, due to a clouded cornea. Later in life some elect to have surgery to repair this clouded cornea. The result is sight, these people can see but they cannot perceive what it is that they see. As time goes on they slowly learn to distinguish one object from another, but this is however quite easily interrupted. Often changing an objects position or context is quite enough to slow down or prevent recognition. To conclude, although some argue that perception is due to nature, while others argue for nurture, it may in fact be that the two factors are interdependent and rely on each other. Support for this idea comes from an experiment that studied rats and found that those raised in a perceptually restricted environment had smaller brain development than those raised in an enriched environment, suggesting that while we are born with innate capabilities we need the environment to ensure we develop our abilities to perceive well. The perceptual capabilities we have at birth must be strengthened continuously through perceptual stimulation, furthermore, it would seem that perception in general follows the use it or lose it principle. Just as unused muscles become week, so to do our senses if left unused. Nature and nurture are both essential to health y perceptual development; stimulation begins in the womb and quickly follows all the way through adulthood. Sources . â€Å"Nature and Nurture in Perceptual Development.† . www.indiana.edu. Web. 11 Feb 2013. . . â€Å"Experiencing Sensation and Perception.† . physch.hanover.edu. Web. 11 Feb 2013. . Arterberry, M. â€Å"Perceptual Development.† . Colby College. Web. 11 Feb 2013. .

Should the Drinking Age Remain at 21 or Be Lowered to 18

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Alcoholism - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Alcoholism - Smart Custom Writing Genetically Modified OrganismsIntroduction Genetically modified organisms are organisms whose genes have been altered by use of genetic means. The safety of GMOs is a source of ongoing debate. This is because GMOs are produced by cloning of genes of different organisms and if done uncontrollably, then there is the fear of using untested GMOs. In this essay we will examine the pros and cons of using genetically modified soya beans. Genetically modified soy Soybean is among the world’s provider of oil and protein. The soybean was commercially grown in the US in the 1950s and today the American Soybean Association exports about 50% of the soybeans to Japan while the European Union is the second largest market for US soybeans. In 1997-1999, GMOs in the US accounted for two thirds of all processed foods and today it is estimated that in the US, 91% of the soybeans planted were genetically modified. Soybeans are used for a variety of foods including soy beverages, tofu, soy flour, soy oil, bread, pastries, snack foods, baked products and edible oil products. Thus the soy beans are quiet important as they support a variety of foods and also for exports (Butcher M.) The idea of introducing bacterial genes into soybeans to enhance their growth, add nutritional contents and make them resistant to pests and diseases has now become a common thing in plant technology. At the same time, the safety of these foods produced by technology has attracted a lot of debate. The idea of introducing bacterial genes into plants as natural pesticides to eliminate chemical pesticide has been hotly debated by concerned people over the consequences of consuming these natural pesticides (Butcher M.). So the question is; is GM soy a health risk? Experiments done suggest that offspring born from GM soybeans have a low birth weight, there’s a high risk of death for the young ones consuming soy foods. Although the GM soy has been linked to sterility and infant mortality, debate still rages whether the GM soy is safe for use by man. Efforts to control gene expression have also been frustrated in some quarters heightening the risk A research carried out in Russian academy of sciences revealed that women who consume GM foods are at a higher risk of endangering their unborn babies. The research conducted using rats as an example found out that more than half of the offspring of rats that were fed on soybeans died in the first three weeks after birth. This was six times more than those born to mothers on normal soy. It was also found that six times of those under the GM diet were underweight. This is really worrying especially to humans as the morphology and biochemical structures of rats and humans are very similar as they point to a risk of mothers and their babies on soybeans food. The above experiment was done by Russian scientists who added flour from GM soy (from Monsanto) to the diet of female rats and mated them two weeks later, they then continued to feed them on GM soy during pregnancy, birth and nursing. Others were given normal soybean diet. The results showed that within three weeks, 55.6% of offspri ng’s whose mothers were fed on GM soy died compared to only 9% on non-GM soy. Also six times of the offspring’s on GM soy influence were severely underweight (Lean G. 2006).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion The issue of GM foods in our midst has drawn a lot of heated debate whether they are safe to use or not. Although restructured to be; insect resistant, drought resistant and have additional nutritional diet the consumption of soybean has been put in doubt over some experiments that were done. The experiments although done on rats showed that the GM soy can increase infant mortality rates and also severely reduce the offspring’s weight. Thus the issue of using GMOs before they are fully understood is an issue that needs to be looked at carefully.

Education Of Gifted Essays - Intelligence, Anthropology, Free Essays

Education Of Gifted Essays - Intelligence, Anthropology, Free Essays Education Of Gifted Running head: GIFTED EDUCATION/CIVIL RIGHTS Education of Gifted Students A Civil Rights Issue? Article Critique Education of Gifted Students A Civil Rights Issue? This paper seeks to answer the question: Is the differential representation of the sexes and of racial and ethnic groups in educational programs for gifted students a civil rights problem? The author does a more than adequate job of presenting the arguments on both sides of the issue and drawing logical inferences. The article seeks to identify the actual dilemma and proposes possible approaches for resolution. Much of the school system today has been shaped by the civil rights laws of the past. The writer notes that the link these rights have to education is the pledge of an equal opportunity for all children to learn and be educated in this country. Schools must accomplish this without regard to race, creed or gender. The author notes that there have been references to the gifted programs being just another subtle form of segregation by the white upper-middle-class. These concerns arise from the fact that the representation of the sexes and of ethnic groups within the gifted classes reflects just such a phenomenon. The unjustified beliefs of genetic inferiority of some races have long since been denounced. These unfounded beliefs have been replaced by research which indicates that the genetic component of intelligence is augmented by the nurturing environment (or lack thereof) of a child. The paper sites twin studies, which give creedence to the genetic component of intelligence, and notes these differences apply within the different ethnic and racial groups. The author attributes an almost equal role to the environment of the child referring to nurturing as the crystallization of native abilities. Noting the differences between the sexes in math and verbal skills, the author seeks to validate this conception. The author sees the cultural values of society as an unavoidable encroachment upon the genders resulting in these differences. I beg to differ, as molecular and developmental studies have shown that there are structural and biological differences in the brains of males and females (Zhang, 1995; Palego, 2000). As a molecular biologist I would be more inclined to attribute differences to the biochemical aspects of development. The writer next addresses the inequities of intelligence tests and accurately identifies them as mere predictors of future academic performance. We are unable to measure native ability with these instruments but these devices do allow for a comparison of the developmental level of a child in the areas of core knowledge, reasoning and conceptual association. It is through these measures that predictions of future performance are made. The author now brings Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences into the debate. He uses the theory to propose expanding the definition of giftedness. Although I do agree in principle with Gardner's theory, the already limited

Analysis of Vietnam’s Economy

Analysis of Vietnams Economy Table of contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. Why Vietnam – An overview 3. Theoretical literatures 3.1. Macroeconomic principles 3.2. Microeconomic principles 4. The level of unemployment and employment 4.1. Before the national reform – The beginning of the 1990s’ 4.2. After the national reform 5. Skills needed and skills gaps 5.1. Disadvantages 5.1.1. Low IT skill availability 5.1.2. Low English proficiency level 5.2. Advantages 5.2.1. High tech sector 5.2.2. Textiles and garments sector 6. Conclusion Bibliography 1. Introduction The trend of global outsourcing has accelerated the economic activities in developing nations. Developed nations countries have gained the economy of scales and performed major functions in the long-term basis. The advantages of outsourcing are to reduce business operation expenses and thus corporations can sustain competitiveness. The paper will discuss the Vietnamese economy, particularly skills needed and skills gaps, and the level of unemployment and employment. Some theoretical literatures will help explain the reasons and results of Vietnamese economic growth; the paper tries to access the underlying forces which have challenged Vietnam authority to change from the central control to the market economy. 2. Why Vietnam – An overview Vietnam officially becomes the 150 th member in WTO (World Trade Organization) on 11th January 2007. In order to join WTO, Vietnam government has to change its political, infrastructure and economic principals to fulfill the requirements of this international organization. ‘A sustained boom, with annual economic growth consistently around 7%-8% since 2000, has transformed Vietnam. It is over 20 years since Vietnam’s ruling communists abandoned collectivism and embarked on their doi moi market-based reforms, not unlike those China adopted a few years earlier.’ [1] Additionally, Vietnam economy has gradually changed in order to adapt and join the worl d economy. From the control economy as of the principal of the communist ideals, Vietnam has undergone the reform and has let its economy to react in accordance with the law of supply and demand. Accordingly, ‘Real GDP growth is forecast to be robust in 2007, at an average of 7% a year, and will be driven mainly by industrial expansion. Business sentiment and consumer confidence will remain resilient, boosting investment and consumption.’ [2] In fact, ‘Many Southeast Asian economies, namely, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam are emerging as an outsourcing destination for some Fortune-500 companies.’ [3] The data from the Vietnamese economy has strongly reflected how outsourcing impacts on the level of unemployment and employment and skills needed and skills gaps, since the economy has moved so fast to the integration into the world economy. Vietnam has positioned itself as a primary host by luring more investment than other emerging econo mies and developing nations in the region in the late 1990s. It is overtaking the Philippines and Indonesia. ‘By 2002, Viet Nam was the third largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in ASEAN [Association of South East Asian Nations], behind Singapore and Malaysia, strengthening its position as a significant investment base. Viet Nam has therefore achieved a key position both in terms of prime investment host within the region, and as a recipient of intraregional inflows.’ [4] 3. Theoretical literatures 3.1. Macroeconomic principles A concept of scarcity, relatively in relation to an entire country and its people, becomes a condition which individual producer and consumer have to face in every decision. The opportunity cost of each decision can be considered as subjective value that individual must scarify when making any decision for the next best alternatives.

Method of Calculating the Net Cash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Method of Calculating the Net Cash - Essay Example The essay "Method of Calculating the Net Cash" talks about two companies - Ford Motor Company and General Motors which are found to be using the indirect method for calculating net cash being generated from their respective operating activities. Justifiably, it has been evident from the proforma of the cash flow statement that both the companies considered net income, instead of sales and revenue, to be the main element for determining the cash amount generating particularly from the operating actions, which related to the above discussed indirect method of computation.The most significant item in the financing section of both the selected companies is identified to be a dividend paid (cash), as they are bound to pay dividends to its shareholders for encouraging them to make further investments. The net cash provided by the operating activities of Ford reveals increasing trend within the last 3 years, as can be observed from the statement that the net cash in the year 2012 generated an amount of $9,045 million, which increased to $10,444 million by the year 2013 and $14,507 million in the year 2014. On the other hand, in the case of General Motors, a fluctuating trend in net cash provided by operating activities can be apparently noted. Justifiably, as per the statement, it has been recorded that the net cash has been decreased in terms of change during the period of 2012-2013, which stood at $1.4 billion, as compared to that of the period 2013-2014 that accounted to $0.9 billion.

The Economic Factors that Help Explainining the Expansion of Low-Cost Research Paper

The Economic Factors that Help Explainining the Expansion of Low-Cost Airline Carriers - Research Paper Example Accessibility of alternative modes of transport that are rationally close substitutes for air transportation diminishes with distance travelled. Globalization and free movement of merchandise and people between and within regions have a positive effect on air travel demand. Business travel market consists of time sensitive passengers; therefore, these customers are price inelastic in terms of fares. If the airline firm offers high quality service to this market segment, such as frequent and reliable frights, flexibility, comfortable seats, and excellent, frequent flyer programme rewards, business class customers will be willing to pay high prices (Junwook, 2011). However, with the introduction of low cost airlines the price elasticity of this business class market has changed and they display price elasticity. In previous years, airline industry relied heavily on business travel market as a major source of profit, however, this trend has changed, and the industry has noted that a hig her percentage of passengers considers price over service. Business class customers are willing to give up luxuries, food quality, flexibility or choice in return to lower prices. According to Rosario & Eddy, 2010, the economy travel market is largely determined by the costs being charged by the airlines; they are price sensitive. The first class air travel market does not generate much profit to the airline industry, as a result, many airlines are moving from three to a two-class cabin. The levels of consumer income influence the passenger’s choice of the air travel class; the choice of consumers with high levels of income will differ with those of consumers with low levels of income (Bijan, & Tom, 2008). The demand for leisure travel is influenced by the number of independent holidays and short term breaks; in this market passengers book flights, accommodation and car by themselves. According to Airport International, the changes in demand of leisure travel indicate that cu stomers are expecting and preferring low fares. Low fares in this market segment are the main stimulus for growth in luxury travel, and passengers are willing to change destination for fabulous deals. According to Susan, 2009, the prices of air tickets are largely influenced by the fuel prices, the exchange rates, and the costs of financing airline projects. High costs of financing, unstable exchange rates, and high fuel prices lead to high air fares. Other natural calamities, such tsunami and earthquakes among others results to decline in tourism and business travels thereby, affecting the air travel demand in the affected areas (Roger, 2008). The following diagrams and tables show the effects of fuel prices on operating costs of the airline industry. Prices of air tickets are determined by the price of fuel; fuel price is influenced by the prevailing economic conditions such as the exchange rates. Industry Fuel Costs and Net Profits. Source: Industry Financial Forecast Table (IATA Economics). Fuel Impact on Operating Costs Year % of Operating Costs Average Price per Barrel of Crude Break-even Price per Barrel Total Fuel Cost 2003 14% $28.8 $23.4 $44 billion 2004 17% $38.3 $34.5 $65 billion 2005 22% $54.5 $51.8 $91 billion 2006 26% $65.1 $68.3 $117 billion 2007 28% $73.0 $82.2 $135 billion 2008 33% $99.0 $88.9 $189 billion 2009 26% $62.0 $55.4 $125 billion 2010 26% $79.4 $91.0

Aviation rescue and fire fighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aviation rescue and fire fighting - Essay Example Technological advances have allowed Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting to meet the challenges that have come about with its primary function of rescuing passengers and the growing use of air transportation and larger aircraft. Aviation Rescue and Firefighting is unique in its function as at a time of an air crash the members of the Aviation Rescue and Firefighting team face the intense challenge of rescuing a possible of more than 400 passengers from within the aircraft, whose length could extend to ninety meters and a width of five meters. Starting with normal firefighting equipment and volunteers immediately after the Second World War, Aviation Rescue and Firefighting has taken giant strides to keep with the technological advancements that have caused air transportation to transform dramatically and the size of aircraft also to grow to very large extents. The job function calls for highly trained and skilled personnel operating with sophisticated firefighting and rescue equipment. (Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting Index). The main objective of Aviation Rescue and Firefighting is to save the life of the entrapped passengers from the burning aircraft and the protection of aircraft and surrounding buildings and vehicle remain a secondary objective at the time of an aircraft accident or incident. The fire hazard is extremely high and all times the need for extinguishing fires has to be at the forefront of the activities of the Aviation Rescue and Firefighting. Fires may happen when aircraft land and take off, or during an accident or when rescue operation are put into place. The rupture of the fuel tanks of the aircraft could lead to spillage of highly volatile and inflammable aviation fuels and other liquids used by aircrafts. The aviation fuel and inflammable liquids could easily burst into flames by coming in contact with hot metal parts of the aircraft, sparks caused by moving parts of the aircraft or from disruption of the electrical circuits present in the

Holocaust Memorial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Holocaust Memorial - Essay Example When I see it, I don’t know how to react. It is like walking through a distorted field of black blocks. I think the memorial is supposed to invoke fear, confusion, and a feeling of orderliness. This is probably what the Jews felt during the holocaust. They were afraid for their lives and were confused about ever surviving. The only thing they knew was to work in an orderly fashion. Much like ants work relentlessly to meet the goals set by their ruler. The structures themselves make no sense but their meaning is deep. They lack any form identity, or individualism. The structures are separate only by their height. I think that Eisenman is an architectural genius. He is able to evoke so many emotions from something so simple. But why does it only commemorate the Jews? There were many other people convicted for reasons other than being Jewish. Amongst those who were victims to the holocaust were the handi-capped, gays, Gypsies, and Soviet prisoners of war. It is not just the Jews who need to be remembered but the others who fell to Nazi Germany’s regiment. Nevertheless, the memorial achieved its purpose- to represent subliminally a dark age in man’s history.

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Art - Essay Example Reproductions of his work appear on posters, calendars, mouse pads, and other widespread consumer items. Even those works not immediately known today are quickly recognized by his unique style and approach, such as his painting Wheatfield with Cypress. Wheatfield with Cypress is an example of Van Gogh’s work while he was a resident at Saint-Remy hospital for the mentally unstable. It is a member of a series of paintings in which Van Gogh explored an image or a theme. Whether it was this painting or another one of the series, he wrote to Theo that the trees â€Å"are always occupying my thoughts, I should like to make something of them like the canvases of the sunflowers, because it astonishes me that they have not yet been done as I see them. The tree is as beautiful of line and proportion as an Egyptian obelisk. And the green has a quality of such distinction. It is a splash of black in a sunny landscape, but it is one of the most interesting black notes, and the most difficult to hit off exactly that I can imagine† (cited in Wallace, 1969: 144). His fascination with the trees themselves as well as their contribution to the landscape overall is evident within this painting. The image depicts an initially confusing scene. The brightly lit landscape is covered by a swirling mass of clouds in a sky that seems eternally blue. The scene depicts a golden wheatfield not far from the hospital in which Van Gogh stayed in southern France (Wallace, 1969). The field is interrupted by a set of wind-swept green bushes in its center to provide balance and a pair of flame-like cypresses standing proudly to one side. This is backed by small green foothills and then blue-tinged mountains rising to back the cypress trees. In the extreme foreground, a glimpse is given of a spring-green field filled with wild flowers in the bottom right corner. Another vividly green bushy area surrounds the two cypress trees, providing a solid base to the narrow

Web Application development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Web Application development - Assignment Example The people who share same spirits in sports would find this application as a great place for sharing their experiences, giving and taking advises, organizing events etc. This application will use the latest technology and simple yet elegant user interface. The Application allows it user to search people based on their interest in any sports. Search results could be filtered by location when the area of the operation expands in the future. The application will be developed with HTML5 and JavaScript in the front end and PHP in the server side scripting. Initially MySQL could be used as database client as number of users and frequency of interactions are considered. When future functionalities are introduced and website’s hits will be increasing, a more scalable database client such as Cassandra could be used. In this report we are including a detailed timeline for the development of application, design, structure, implementation details and future development ideas. New users can register to our web application through a signup facility. Users are requested to provide an username and password in order to gain full access to Sports pal .Non registered users can access only the homepage contents. User data is only passed through an encrypted SSL connection (Buttyan n.d.: 1). During the registration process Sports pal will collect details such as Full name, Date of Birth, Email address and physical location of the users. These details are displayed in our profile page. User can also update these details even after signing up to our application. These profiles are publicly viewable by all users of the application. Users are requested to add a sport of their interest during signup process and it could be edited in user profile functionality. Users can update their status message logging in to Sports Pal. This is a common featured shared by all social networking websites today. This facility will allow

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Art - Essay Example Reproductions of his work appear on posters, calendars, mouse pads, and other widespread consumer items. Even those works not immediately known today are quickly recognized by his unique style and approach, such as his painting Wheatfield with Cypress. Wheatfield with Cypress is an example of Van Gogh’s work while he was a resident at Saint-Remy hospital for the mentally unstable. It is a member of a series of paintings in which Van Gogh explored an image or a theme. Whether it was this painting or another one of the series, he wrote to Theo that the trees â€Å"are always occupying my thoughts, I should like to make something of them like the canvases of the sunflowers, because it astonishes me that they have not yet been done as I see them. The tree is as beautiful of line and proportion as an Egyptian obelisk. And the green has a quality of such distinction. It is a splash of black in a sunny landscape, but it is one of the most interesting black notes, and the most difficult to hit off exactly that I can imagine† (cited in Wallace, 1969: 144). His fascination with the trees themselves as well as their contribution to the landscape overall is evident within this painting. The image depicts an initially confusing scene. The brightly lit landscape is covered by a swirling mass of clouds in a sky that seems eternally blue. The scene depicts a golden wheatfield not far from the hospital in which Van Gogh stayed in southern France (Wallace, 1969). The field is interrupted by a set of wind-swept green bushes in its center to provide balance and a pair of flame-like cypresses standing proudly to one side. This is backed by small green foothills and then blue-tinged mountains rising to back the cypress trees. In the extreme foreground, a glimpse is given of a spring-green field filled with wild flowers in the bottom right corner. Another vividly green bushy area surrounds the two cypress trees, providing a solid base to the narrow

Capacity Planning Essay Example for Free

Capacity Planning Essay Computer capacity planning and its impact on the performance of the individuals is an important research topic in the current day scenario . Living in a competitive world makes it compulsory for everyone ( Individuals , firms etc . ) to deliver their best in the shortest period of time by optimally utilizing their resources . The above mentioned scenario is in direct proportion to an increase in the performance of the individual or the firm . This paper presents a report on how computer capacity planning can have a ositive impact on the performance of an institution like TUI , which uses technology as its medium of imparting knowledge to students coming from a variety of background, Nationality, ethnic race etc. It studies how capacity planning can enhance the existing functional efficiency of the institution and the performance of the educating staff as well as the students . TUI is an organization which acts as a platform for teachers lecturers and students from a wide range of colleges institutions and nationality. It concerns itself with an infinite number of issues related with the colleges and institutions, their management , their programmes , plans , achievements , their student quality etc . The list is non-exhaustive. For an institution like this, which caters to such a wide variety of educational demands and issues , the need for computer capacity evaluation is a necessity , especially when the medium used is e-learning . Computer capacity planning will help TUI spread its reach to all the student population of the world and all others who can benefit from the services provided by the institution . It will help them to effectively implement their plans while saving on cost at the same time . Computer Capacity planning is an important aspect of computer networking; proper Planning ensures a healthy network that can grow to meet future needs of the institution. Computer capacity planning will include capacity management and capacity control . Capacity management will ensure an increase in the total system output and responsiveness , whereas , capacity control will ensure non-wastage of the additional energy gained with capacity management . It will avoid delays in any of the university’s future planning , use of new applications , new methods of teaching etc . It will also help the university officials to forecast the future situations which the institutions would be likely to face . Capacity evaluation is basically an act of evaluating the available resources of the concerned institution and the most optimal way of utilizing it . Capacity planning needs to be a part of the infrastructure of the institution and act as a medium of benefit for the professors and the students . The system provides with an intelligent interface to communicate. Capacity planning will add volumes to the existing efficiency of the technical planning running the institute . It will act as a facilitator , analyst , decision-maker and an important performer of the institution . Looking at it from the administrative point of view it helps them to organize their work better and also catalogue it in a more organized format . The quicker the computer applications works the faster the work can be done in terms of the number of persons reached per minute . The computer capacity evaluation becomes more relevant in the words of TUI University President Professor Yoram Neumann, Ph. D. â€Å"TUI is one of the countrys (worlds) leading Internet Universities. † Thus making it necessary for the institution to provide its members with high quality computer services . Computer capacity evaluation will help TUI achieve its main goal of providing e-learning opportunity to all their students on a wide scale , at all levels of study . It will act like a performance enhancer for the administration in reference to the services provided by them thus enabling them to deliver their best to the students in a shorter period of time . It will help them to avoid wastage of the existing resources which otherwise could be reached-out to a million students , help them in meeting their plans within time instead of constantly changing their way of doing their work . A methodical approach can be used by the administration to do their work . Over a period of time the process would prove to be significantly productive and also constantly improving the ways of doing things . Planning will also provide security to the whole setup thus acting as an initiative for an enhanced performance . This will also help the administrators to work more creatively , use new methods of teaching students and evaluating their performance . As a result with an increase in the performance of the administrator the performance of the students will also improve positively . From the students point of view since education will be imparted in an e-learning format the quality demanded by them will be very high . Maintaining a high bandwidth will enable the students to save their time , which can be more fruitfully utilized . High bandwidth will also enable the university to register a larger number of student Enrollment both nationally and internationally . Capacity evaluation will permit the students to increase their performance on any given activity drastically . Thus any activity running solely on any kind of technology must have that technology operating at its best . Computer capacity planning if used in TUI will act as a major contributor to the enhanced performances of both the university officials and the students as well and an increased performance will lead to a more contributive output which over a period of time can result in positive international impact considering TUI’s international reach .

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention Frances Roulet   Analysis case study: Vignette. In the process applying the six step model of crisis intervention in this case, the soldier deployed back home without no type of psychological and social support from the military system or his family. Therefore, there was no prior assessment before sending the soldier back home, and no assessment in understanding the problem itself (James Gilliland, 2013). The process of deployment when reintegrating a soldier back home becomes a major issue in mental health. According to Doyle Peterson (2005) soldiers that have been life threatening warzone when they are allowed to return home, and they are happy to return and see their families and friend, present problems difficulties in adjusting back to their community environment. This veteran soldier which arrived to his hometown, and who was never received by his family members because the military department in charge failed to notify his family and wife. Once he arrived to his hometown and faced the feeling of confusion and loneliness by not having family or military support. Even though, researchers such as, Demers (2011) acknowledge the struggles that these soldiers confront and develop symptoms of depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, [PTSD] symptoms and even suicidal thoughts when they are returning back home. Demer (2011) indicated that for a number of soldiers, the reintegration process becomes a challenge which might include a crisis of identity and feelings of alienation. Although, one of the first elements in contacting the person is the client’s name and introducing themselves in a non-threatening manner. The soldier caught by surprise every single person at his children school. Subsequently, the immediate response was to search safety and manage to call the Police Department as well as, the mother of the children to provide enough information in order to first secure the children and, then attempting to make any type of contact with the soldier and making him think he had control over the situation. Even if this was a momentary situation of the crisis. Once the safety of the children was ensured, as well as, the rest of the people; there is a need to continue assessing the possibility of physical and psychological danger to the soldier as well as to others. Wherefore, the assessment and ensuring of safety becomes a continuous part of the process of the crisis intervention (James Gilliland, 2013). While maintaining an open communication with the soldier in the process of crisis, support may be given allowing the soldier to ventilate his emotions, but also can be an instrumental and informational for the first responders (James Gilliland, 2013). Hoge, Lesikar, Guevara, Lange, Brundage, Engel, Orman, Messer (2002) explained that they consider that the risks factors of mental health problems, such as major depression, substance abuse, PSTD among others, may be presented after military conflicts, deployment stressors and exposing soldiers to combat, and, may produce an impairment in social functioning along with the ability to work; therefore, increase the use of health care services. Demer (2011) also indicated that these additional stressors can have a negative effect when military deployment occur when soldiers returns home and are not follow-up properly. For most of these soldiers, additional stressors, become a major difficulties and even distressing experience instead of a welcomed relief. One of the consequences of this distressing experience is the intense identity crisis, when military discharge occurs (Demer, 2011). In analyzing this case, the soldier could have presented psychological challenges when he was deployed to warzone, and as an immigrant in a different culture (home and host culture), he could have presented an acculturative stress. This generated a negative impact and reaction in the soldier which lead him to an identity crisis and mental health problem (Berry, Kim, Minde Mok, 1987). Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs explains different levels of needs that humans portrays. In a crisis intervention one of the first things to assure is the physiological needs, such as water, food, among other. The person will only be focusing on his or her survival. Nevertheless, security also becomes one of the most vital element when we are facing a crisis intervention. In this particular case, the soldier maintained his children and wife life’s threatened and also had the school personnel and coworkers of his wife. In fact, he killed several people in the process of his crisis. The soldier neglected taking care of his own security needs, referring to those things that the individual feels safe of harm. For example, belonging to the community as a member, therefore, protection is given just because the person belongs to this community group. Another vital need within this hierarchy, is the social needs as a human beings. This need encompasses companionship, love and affection. Once again, the soldier of this case, upon his arrival to his hometown confronted by the absentee of his wife and children and lack of support from the military system could not managed the transition of his deployment back home. This circumstances, detonated a crisis which lead to a fatal outcome for everyone. According to Phillips, LeardMann, Gumbs Smith (2010) when a person is exposed to combat, and have constant threats of death or witness to it, serious injury or witness to it become significant risk factors for screening positive for postdeployment PTSD among soldiers as well as, violence exposures prior entering the infantry. Hoge, Castro, Messer, McGurk, Cotting, Koffman (2004) explained that soldiers and marines presented new onset PTSD after returning from combat several months later. These investigators explained that in their study a 7.6% was revealed with probable new onset PTSD. In the soldier case, he definitely was presenting new onset symptoms for PTSD because he felt confused, abandoned without support and no communication. There is a probability that he might have been impacted and presented symptoms of PTSD before being deployed to Vietnam, and returned traumatized with his experience in Vietnam. References Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Minde, T., Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, (21): 491–511. Demer, A. (2011). When veterans return: The role of community in reintegration. Journal of Loss and Trauma, (16): 160-179. Doyle, M. E., Peterson, K. A. (2005). Re-entry and reintegration: Returning home after combat. Psychiatric Quarterly, 76(4): 361-370. Hoge, C., W., Lesikar, S., E., Guevara, R., Lange, J., Brundage, J., F., Engel, C., C., Orman, D., T. Messer, S., C. (2002). Mental Disorders among US military personnel in the 1990s: Association with high levels of Health care utilization and early military attrition. American Journal Psychiatry, 159: 1576-1583. Hoge, C., W., Castro, C., A., Messer, S., C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I. Koffman, R., L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(1): 13-22. James, R. Gilliland, B. (2013). Crisis Intervention Strategies. (7th Edition). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Phillips, C. J., LeardMann, C. A., Gumbs, G. R., Smith, B. (2010). Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder among deployed US male marines. BMC Psychiatry, 10(1): 52.

Women in Latin America during the Colonization Essay -- essays researc

Women in Latin America during the Colonization The perception of inequality was evident in the colonial Spanish America, man belief that women were lacked in capacity to reason as soundly as men. A normal day for European women in the new world was generally characterized by male domination, for example marriage was arranged by the fathers, women never go out except to go church, women didn’t have the right to express their opinions about politic or society issues. Subsequent to all these bad treats European women try to find different ways to escape from man domination and demonstrate their intellectual capacities, for example women used become part of a convent, write in secret their desires and disappointments, and even dress as man to discover what was the real world. On the other hand native women were not treating the same way, because their enjoyed economic importances that place them far from being man victims. However, Europeans women were very discriminated and dominated during the colonial times; but little by l ittle women fight for their rights and become free of man domination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the year 1520 European women begin arriving to the New World; all these women were treat as minors and became adult at the age of 25 years old. At this time or before women were destined to get marriage. Marriages were controlled by fathers, fathers would make sure that the husband choose to their daughters were equal or better in economic matters. The issue of â€Å"inequality† of course, rarely arose on the top elite level, but to middle or low level classes it was a major issue. According to one of the stories of Tales of Potosi called The Strange Case of Fulgencio Orozco people from low classes pass throughout many difficulties to arrange a marriage for their daughters; in this story a Spanish man who lacked in economic matters experience many complications trying to organized a marriage for his daughter, he never obtain a good marriage for his daughter and finally became crazy, lost his faith in God and died. Cases like this one occur around all Spa nish America in low classes; marriage was an economic contract that almost always benefits top elite level class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a normal day a European women were required to stay home all day except to go to church. The church became a place of reunions to women of the top... ...European women could have all these freedoms was after the death of their husbands, the heritance from their husbands give to each women an economic base to managed business and be independent into society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, Europeans women were very segregated and under man control during the colonial times; but little by little women fight for their rights and become free of man domination. Today the status of women’s civil rights varies dramatically in different countries and, in some cases, among groups within the same country, such as ethnic groups or economic classes. In recent decades women around the world have made strides in political participation, as for example women acquired the right to vote, the right to become part of political issues, the right to marriage who they want, and the right to be free as an individual. Resources: Benjamin Keen, Keith Haynes. A History of Latin America Seventh Edition. Houghton Mifflin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company. Boston New York, 2004. Bartolome Arzans de Orsua y Vela. Tales of Potosi. Providence Brown University, 1975. Emma Sordo. Latin American Civilization Class Notes. 5/25/05.

Mayan Writing :: essays research papers

Mayan writing is one of the most beautiful but highly complex and difficult scripts in the world. It is a system that uses pictographs and phonetic or syllabic elements. The Maya used this sophisticated style to carve symbols into stone. The most common place for writing was the perishable books they made from bark paper, coated with lime to make a fresh white surface. These books were screen-folded and bound with wood and deer hide. They were referred to as codices, however only four remain today because of their perishable nature and Spanish book burning. The Maya writing system was one of the greatest achievements of their civilization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maya writing also appears on an array of materials and in many places such as carved stone, door lintels, architectural stuccos, painted murals and carved on pottery. The Maya believed events were repeated over cycles of time, they kept detailed histories anchored in time by their calendars to predict events. By keeping records of rainy and dry seasons, the Maya could determine the best times to plant and harvest crops. They had developed these accurate calendars that could be used for prophecy. They also were able to predict planetary cycles, phases of the moon and Venus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Maya, like all Mesoamerican people, used a vigesimal numbering system. The first nineteen numerals were similar to our English terms, with unique numerals from one through ten, and the numerals eleven through nineteen produced by combining one through nine with ten.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The symbols used by the Maya to write numbers-bars and dots- were used throughout Mesoamerica. The dot has the value of one, and the bar has the value of five. The Maya are also believed to have the first known concept of zero. This is represented by the elliptical shell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symbols known as glyphs were used to record non-numerical information. The Maya used logographs (shorthand symbols) for many more words than we do. Another class of glyphs stood for sounds that make up words. Mayan words are generally regular in sound structure. Most of the syllables consist of two or three sounds. There are a little over 800 known Maya glyphs. The glyphs usually contain several elements that are combined to give individual glyphs an oval appearance. The largest glyphic element is the main sign. Maya glyphs appear to me as very complicated. Although some are recognizable as pictures of natural objects, others are very unrecognizable and unclear.

European Politics Essay

European Union has a evolutional history. Many Countries struggle to attain Independence’s this the only aim of the European Nations’struggle? This paper has discussed the reasons there struggle some being to attain Independence, others needed to be autonomous and others wanting to unite with Russia. They faced many challenges, and were organized in parties. European politics is involved with the continuous political evolution. Due to the high political unity amongst European states as well as the state’s long history, European politics is more detailed compared to other continents. The European political make-up has been contributed to by its historical events, culture, economy and its geographical location. European Union is dominant in the modern European politics. This occurred since the collapse of the Eastern Bloc of communists’ states and the fall of iron curtains. After World War II the EU expand towards the East and included 27 states as members. These states are represented in the European parliament. European has been undergoing political transformation even since 1763 to 1787. After the seven years’ war (1756-63) there was a stability period of peace. In 1702-1714, there was the war of the Spanish succession, and this was after many years of the great World War. This war took fifty years. Some British and French statesmen had tried to create a long lasting peace by use of collective security, but the old contests had not stopped after the Utrecht-Rastatt’s peace and some more including Northern Europe, Germany, Near East and Italy developed in the succeeding decades. It was in the seven years’ war of 1756-63 when a climax of forty years of imbalance of struggle for power was reached. This war was bigger than the war of Spanish succession and more blood was shed, and ended up with its fighters tired of fighting and exhausted. The results were decisive in continental theatres as well as in maritime, but in varying at up. Spain was defeated by Britain in the fight for colonies and seas control defeated France on sea, and by Prussia on land. This made France to collapse financially. The aggressive spirit of King Frederick the Great of Prussia was decreased at the end of war. European states are part of the international organizations which are political and economically. Almost all European states are members of European council which is the only Pan-European organization. The activities of the European council are programs that harmonize regulations and law amongst the member state in citizenship, bioethics. Heritage protection the linguistic and cultural minority right among others. In other terms the council can be related to regional version state jointly related to government and national union. It plays role as a market, with customs union, common policy in Agriculture and Fisheries as well as acting as a single currency with thirteen of its twenty seven members adopting. This union constitutes the largest economy worldwide consisting 2007 nominal GDP of 15. 849 million USD. The union primarily started as an economic union before evolving into a political policy, and this has been contributed by the many political areas within EU competence. There has been a debate between and within some member states concerning more development in political competence of EU. There was a military alliance of European states together with United States of America and Canada, commonly known as North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which was founded as a collective security as a result of World War II. This alliance targeted to provide defense incase the Soviet Union attacked the European allies of United States. The attack was to be treated as if it had attacked the United States bearing in mind it was composed of the largest military. They expected to get the best defense, but the Soviet never invaded Europe, instead the alliance was involved in September 12th 2001, responding to the previous day’s attack on the United States. GUAM organization for Democracy and Economic Development was formed to counter the Russia’s influence in that area. This group constituted four common wealth independent states (CIS) that is Georgia, Ukraine, Azerba-Ijan and Moldova, though it was encouraged and backed up by the United States. It reached a time when it appeared to have ceased its operation but there is a possibility to revive its operation through developments. The common wealth of the independent states (CIS) has few supranational powers, but it’s a symbolic organization that has power to coordinate trade, security, law making and finance. It came up with a full-fledged free trade zone between its members, who are 12 states of 15 states of former Soviet Union, excluding Baltic States, in 2005. This confederation has enhances cooperation on democratization and has prevented cross border crime. In devolutionary pressures, movements requiring independence or autonomy varied in politically and popularity support depending on campaign, and the kind of movements Georgia has two region and wanted to join with Russia, in Italy, there was a small independent movement, and the Lega Nord, the Italian political party, supports, blamed southern Italy for blocking progress and getting tax funds away and condemned them as racial nationalist group. On the other hand it supported the Northern Italy. Italy is to be divided into two countries, the North and the South. In Netherlands, Frisian National party sought autonomy for Friesland without caring about Fresian culture and without striving for total independent. Transylvania belonged to Austria-Hungary before the Treaty of Triarion. There is small minority Hungarian ethic who felt like reuniting with Hungary. These are habitants of Romania. The North Caucasus border of Russia, supports has movements in search for independence. The English Democrats in United Kingdom saw the need for England to devolve. In United Kingdom is composed for a mixture of many parties with different wills. In this state, there are movements and parties that needed independence and at the same time some parties wanted to be incorporated in the Republic of Ireland thus saw not need of the province being in the union. After the election of Victor Yuschenko as a president some areas in Ukraine wanted to join Russia. Ukraine did not only have movements that wanted complete independence, but also the urge to get higher autonomy, after uniting with Russia. Though some autonomous regions of Spain are peaceful, they violently acquired the peace. In 2006, there were international negotiations to define final status of Kosovo a Serbia’s province, which all through had territorial and political dispute between its ethnic population and the Serbian government organization. In 1532, some movements in Northern France lost independence, and they wanted to regain it. These countries in the State had different needs as pertains the movement’s nature or rather composition to the kind of campaign. These needs or rather goals varied from attaining autonomy, attaining independence or the need to reunite with Russia. The Unions’ membership enlargement poses a political issue trying to know from the diving the extent at which the block should move. The block location in terms of size and the fear of the block moving very far and including other regions created a challenge to the European Union. European nation is divided into council, parliament council of European Union and commission. The commission has the mandate to Rome up with registration and the use of law each member state is represented by a member. President comes from the commission. The union’s prime minister has different powers with the president Directorate-General (DG) and commissioner, but they have similar roles. The councils have no delegated power to the union’s supranational institutions, and have no treaties official power. The head of state has similar roles to council. Legislative branch of the union incorporate parliament and council, whose formation differs as in the parliament is elected directly while the council is formed and mainly of national ministers. Insensitive areas have lower control of national minister. The powers in the union are given according to pillars. These pillars are usually three; the first one being that of community, the second is Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) while the third is ‘Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal matters (PJCC). Just to mention, the 1st First pillar entails common Fisheries poly, Agricultural policy, Environmental law, Immigration Poly, Education and culture among others. The second pillar has security policy and foreign policy and the third pillar deals with human beings trafficking Fraud and bribery, terrorism, weapon smuggling among others. Each pillar’s principles differ on intergovernmental and supranational basis, supranationalism being higher in 1st pillar. After every five years by adult suffrage, votes are casted. Despite having no voting system, there should be a ratio in representing either singly or under a party the area at which the votes casting is done can be in whole or subdivided, and election threshold should be below five percent. The European law requires to be bound to. The union makes legislative acts and all its members are expected to bind to a direct applied law (regulation, a framework of objectives in which a national law in order to achieve its goals, and a decision based on particular issue are the key forms by which a union can present its legislative acts. (Hay&Menon,2007). European bases their constitution texts on their treaties. The role of the European treaties is to form institution which are given aims of the union, which are set also by the treaties and the institution should always aim at attain the set aims. Currently the European integration is under four treaties, namely; the Treaty of European nation which was put to work in November 1993 after it was signed on 7th February 1992 in Maastricht. This treaty was involved with security policy and Home Affairs. The Treaty showing European Economic Community (ECC) which was put into action on 1st January 1958 and was signed at the same time with Euratom treaty, in Rome on March the 25th of 1957, and due to the place at which it was signed, its usually also referred to as the Treaty of Rome. The treaty of Paris was put to work on 23rd day of July 1952 but expired on 23rd day of July 2002. It was signed on the 18th day of April, 1951, and was involved with putting into place the European steel and coal community. The forth treaty was involved with the development of European atomic Energy community which is commonly referred to as Euratom Treaty and was signed at Rome on the 25th day of March, 1957. There were times when these treaties expired or required additional or subtraction of some of its terms and roles thus the need for changes and reforms. European political party is obliged to operate transitionally in the state, and is usually funded and recognized by the European Union. Their formation is usually bases on partly parties in the whole Europe. As per the European parliament and commission as there were ten (10) recognized parties by 2006, namely European People Party which was the first to be formed, then the European Socialist Party was formed, followed by European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, the Free Alliance European Party, the European Areas Party, Alliance for Europe of the Nations, European theft party, European Democratic party, Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe and EU Democratic, which were formed respectively. These parties mostly consider co-operating and working as a coalition as this makes them stronger and gives the party a chance to get higher financial fund rate from the parliament at the same time ensuring they have access to committee’s seat which an independent party can afford to access due to the cost. To enhance the uniting of parties, however requires that the member states votes for the Groups MEPs should not be less than one-fifth, that its MEPs can create a group of their wish, that all MEPs in a group should be registered in only one group and that, a groups MEPs should be of the same political goal. It’s only after fulfilling these requirements that two groups can join and unite to for a coalition thus enjoying the privileges. The Groups can either be organized from many European parties, national parties or be made of MEPs of a single European political party. An Account of the changes that the European Socialist Parties have undergone since the Second World War. European Socialist Part (PES) in a party in the European political party composed of equal number of labor, social democratic, and socialist parties from members’ states of European Union and also from Norway. The socialist party constitutes socialist group in parliament which is composed of more than 200 MEPs thus making the group to be second largest, in the European parliament. This socialist group was there since 1953 and the socialist party was formed back in 1992. Ever since it’s the party held the largest single group position in the parliament. After the party’s formation in 1953, socialist party Henri Spaak was elected first president, with Guy Mollet elected the first bureau and secretariat apart from being the chair. The socialists attempt to produce a common European socialist’s program in 1961 being outlaid by an enlargement application. Despite their congress trying to enhance more democratization, and parliament powers in 1962, it took them longer than they expected since this was considered in 1969, after Kate Strobel MEP winning the 1st woman chair. They continued to achieve and rule and in 1971’s elections saw their member, Walter Behrendt as the second parliament president. It took few years since then when other states joined the community and brought with them some more parties, which enlarged the community as well as the congress. These states included Ireland, United Kingdom and Denmark and after meeting they made social policy in which they were entitled to democracy, equality and give them the right to work in the European economy. Elections were carried out again in 1975, and socialist Georges Spe’nale was as the parliament’s president. After the union with Ireland, Denmark and United Kingdom, a confederation of the European communities’ socialist party was formed. Their was an election manifesto, which the confederation signed after the parliaments first direct elections in 1979, and the manifesto objective was aimed at ending discrimination, promoting peace, fighting pollution and ensuring the ability to decent work among others. They were the largest group in the parliament. Two years after the direct election, its first status was signed and they united with other states like Greece, Portugal and Spain made this party to increase. It did not take the Group long before they saw the need and the privileged of cooperation; in 1987 they cooperated with people’s party group thus increasing their number. (Grolier, Inc, 2002). In 1992, the already existing confederation was changed to party of European socialist, whose manifesto had more issues to deal with compare to the election manifesto and the added areas included gender equality, fighting organized crimes and democracy among others. The party had its second leader in the 1994’s election after the party won two hundred and fifteen (215) out of the available six hundred and twenty six (626). After a five year period of ruling, the parliament refused to sign for approval of the commission’s EU budget handling, and this lead to crisis. This was because of the allegation of corruption made to two of the socialists’ members. The socialists tried to bloc the order made by the commission that the member’s concerned had to resign, by their president trying to vote confidence vote in the commission, since the PES took the issue as a false allegation made to stop them from participating in the year’s election. Since socialist were the majority they were on the government side, they decided to stop helping or rather supporting the other party thus facilitating santer commission’s to resign. After the five years of ruling, elections was carried out, the socialists lost the votes to people’s party with the winning party attaining two hundred and thirty three the socialists had only one hundred and eighty. In the 2004 elections the socialist party lost once more by getting only two hundred seats in seven hundred and thirty two seats. The European Political history has been an evolutional process. The struggle was aimed at either attaining independence, or becoming autonomous. The European politics is composed of the parliament headed by a President from a party with the majority seats, the commission, and a council. Each of its constituent has its mandate and powers. The Socialist’ Party headed in the parliament longer till 1999.

Brand Loyalty vs Generic Brands

Brand Loyalty: Brand Names vs. Generic Brands Why do we as, customers and consumers chose to stay loyal to specific brands? Are you guilty of being loyal to one brand and not attempt to try other brand names and/or generic brands? I am. There are so many different products, materials, strategies, etc. that companies compete with each other to try to get us (the consumers) to be loyal to that brand. Example: Coke vs. Pepsi; AT&T vs. Sprint. There are also, people that wonder are their big differences in products when it’s a brand name vs. eneric brand. Upon my research I hope to answer these questions that we all have, a time or two, have wondered about? Definition The extent of the faithfulness of consumers to a particular brand, expressed through their repeat purchases, irrespective of the marketing pressure generated by the competing brands. (www. businessdictionary. com) Brand Loyalty ranges from foods, clothing, cars, places, electronics, etc. How they get us to stay loyal There are many reasons why we stay true to the brands we’ve developed to familiar ourselves with such as: knowing the quality in the product, don’t trust other brands or don’t care to try it, costs, availability, and /or easier resources, such as internet, the reputation of the brand by word of mouth and society standards. Companies are always developing newer and better ways to outdo their products, and old products and the products of their competitors. Brand Name vs. Generic Brand People have also stayed loyal when it comes to comparing the same products, but the difference is one is a brand name and the other is a generic.Such as, Tylenol vs. generic store name such as equate (wal-mart store brand). There is a difference in price? The generic (store brand) is always less in cost but is the product the same? Yes, the generic store brand of Tylenol is the same as the brand name Tylenol, the dosage, effects, risks, safety and strengths are the same, except for the price the store brand is cheaper and that’s because the manufacturer has not had the expenses of making and selling a new drug. Interviews on brand name loyalist: I have interviewed the following people to compare their loyalty to a brand and why?Questions asked: Friend: 1. Q: What brand are you loyal to? And Why? A: Sony, the picture, sound and quality of the different products. Nike, the comfortability of the shoes, larger range of styles, the different professional athletes under that name; meaning that they’re producing more of the products that allows the cost to lower, making it more affordable. Lexus, the quality, the appearance, the non-depreciate value it has compared to other brands and the reputation of the name? 2. Q: How long have you been loyal to the brand?A: Sony, 1995 is when I purchased my first Sony product; Nike, 1984 in High School, I bought a new pair of sneakers; Lexus, 2010. I bought my first Lexus, and currently I’m driving my second Lexus. 3. Q: Have you tired other similar/competitors brands? And what was your outcome? A: Yes. a. before my Sony, I owned a Zenith, RCA, and Magnovox and none of them have compared to the quality of Sony. Sony’s bottom of the line product is better than the Vizio’s top of the line products. All the electronics currently in my house is all Sony. b. I had Adidas sneakers in the past but the quality doesn’t compare to Nike.

Last Child in the Woods Essay

In this article, Last Child in the Woods, Richard Louv describes the importance that children have the ability to grow up and experience as their parents did through the back seat of a car. Louv’s purpose is to compel parents to stop giving in to technological advances and to start persuading their children to embrace the world. He uses his personal experiences to convey his point of view and he uses short simple sentences. Throughout the essay he is a strong advocate when making sure children enjoy reality instead of living in this technological age. He most frequently uses short simple sentences. This brevity keeps the audience intrigued and keeps the flow of the piece going. In the article he says, â€Å"The highways edges may not be postcard perfect,† (47-48). Its simplicity makes its understandable to all ages, so it’s relatable by both parents and their children. Its effect on the audience is to try and persuade them to say no to all the technology for their children and to show them what the world has to offer. Louv uses personal experiences from childhood as his second rhetorical strategy. An example from the text is the entire last paragraph when he is talking about all the things he saw from the back seat of his car as a child. Here are a few things he said , â€Å"We saw birds on the wires and combines in the field.† and â€Å"We held our little plastic cars against the glass and [pretended that they, too, were racing towards some unknown destination.† He uses this as to play with the readers emotional side, ethos. The reason behind it is that by play with their emotions it will persuade them to believe that his principles are ethically correct. Louv concludes his article by stating how even though life in the back seat can be boring and mundane; it can also shape us into who we are today.

Organizational behavior case study Research Proposal

Organizational behavior case study - Research Proposal Example This paper analyses the occupational stresses, work values and job satisfaction. It also analyses ‘male’ and ‘female model’ differences which was a concern for Stewart thinking the differences between these models. Isabel Stewart, a highly experienced corporate tax lawyer at Austin and March Law firm in Philadelphia, is concerned about a junior male lawyer who is able to secure some extents of better works and to take over ‘big deal’ cases. It is not the compensation paid that she becomes dissatisfied with, but feeling of competition with a very junior person in the next office makes her think negatively and sense of complex to work with a ‘male’ guy turns her more mentally stressed. Stewart is quite different in the ways she thinks. While dealing with matters, instead of intellectual appeal, she gives importance to works in career terms. Being aware of her managerial and decision making skills, Stewart always looks forward for opportunities to improve her skills further yet. Accepting the projects or works as opportunity can be regarded to be more right way than taking it as ‘favor doing’. Stewart realizes that as a lawyer, she could have satisfied the client saying ‘I would really like to do that project’. Moreover, those who succeed in their work are not just sitting for the work in the last minutes but take it as a challenge and they are neither irresponsible nor absent minded even in the cleanliness of their desks. Stewart realizes that successful people are very energetic in doing the projects. She feels that ‘male model’ is some sort of ‘challenge’ characteristic by which one seems to be attacking the work and then making it wonderful. According to her finding out, male model is frenetic style, by which they put much efforts and energy in way more quickly moving fast and jumping around. ‘To be specific’ in dealing with clients is as imperative as quality of the work. Stewarts finds that those guys