Autocratic Style Of Leadership Management Essay

Autocratic Style Of Leadership Management Essay The autocratic leadership style means that the person in charge has the entire control upon all decision making. In addition, in this style of leadership, managers dont take care of the opinions of their staff and ore not open to changes. The communication in the autocratic leadership can be considered as one-way ( the manager say something and staff comply) This leadership style, has some advantages but many disadvantages and is considered as an old way of manage people. One of the advantages of this style of management is the rapidity of decision making. According to Money Zine, in emergency situation, people prefer to be told exactly what to do and where to do it because of the stress. So because of this the autocratic leadership is more effective in stressful situations and military situations because subordinate want be guide. But this kind of leadership has many disadvantages and is criticize by many researchers. The one-way communication of this leadership can be considered as a problem because just one person decide and if this managers does an error event if staff found it they will not be able to tell him. So because of this, autocratic management slows down the progress of the whole organization. Moreover, the autocratic management, because of the high level of control of the managers, gives a high level of stress to the managers and this stress can be a problem. In addition, the characteristic of autocratic leadership can conduct to the decrease of motivation within the whole organization. In fact, people dislike to be ordered what they have to do. To conclude on autocratic leadership, all these disadvantages generally conduct to a high employee turnover. In over word the high turnover of employment is one of the main characteristic of Autocratic style of management. Mrs. Sarah applies a democratic style of management at the Hotel Cote dAmbre. The democratic can be defied as a style of management which delegate authority to staff by the process of delegating responsibility to complete the given task. The big difference between Autocratic and Demographic leadership style is the fact that in democratic style employees take part (give their opinion) in decision making. In contrast of autocratic style, democratic takes more time for decision making because of the participation of all staff. Such as the other leadership style, democratic has advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage of democratic style is the motivation of employee within the whole organization. By putting them in the process of decision, employees feel part of the company and at the same time important. Moreover because of the concentration of everybody the initiative are more profitable for the organization. In addition, the relationships in the company are better than in autocratic style of management. In fact, there are less friction at the workplace and the working environment is better. Because of all these characteristic employees are motivate and the turnover level stay low. Employees feel good in their organization. But this management style has also some disadvantages such as the time of decision making. In fact, all employees take part of the decision making and this can make the decision take time. In addition, managers can do as if they follow democratic management style but in reality they are simply doing a disguise autocratic style of management. These two management style is the opposite of the other one. But both are good but they have to be use in the good situation. But generally the democratic style of management is better to motivate and decrease turnover rate in the organization. The democratic style can be useful in emergency domain such as fireman and Army because of the rapidity of decision making due to the situation. 2) The relation approach is the process by which experts want and tries to combine the Sociology and the Psychology in management. Experts find this process useful because they found that an organization is a social system with relationship between groups. The main tenet of this theory is the fact that managers can make work be done by satisfying the social and psychological needs of employees. This process is composed by 8 basics principles: Humans are not only interested by cash they also need appreciation and recognition. Organization has to treat their employees as human and not as machine In an organization it is normal to have formal relation, but informal relation is also very important and managers should encourage it. Job satisfaction is very important and to do this one of the main element is job security Managers should consider their employee as they equal and should not express an superiority complex Managers have to prevent conflict and misunderstand and provide good relationship to increase satisfaction of employee Autocratic leadership style must be avoid to increase freedom. This will increase motivation and satisfaction of employees Make employee participate to decision making can be a good thing to make them feel part of the company (democratic style of leadership) This human relation has advantages such as: Managers see their company as a part of a whole Managers put the emphasis on improving communication and coordination Managers found that a good internal management will help and insure the company survival Managers see that the environment is a important factor of the organization survival But it has also some disadvantages: Long time of decision making Friendship relationship between managers and employees Employees can consider work as granted and make poor performance Low productivity because of a sort of laisser-faire management In contrast we also have the Bureaucratic approach of management. It is a style of management based on the logic, order and the use of formal authority because of this we can say that it can work with the autocratic management style. Generally this approach of management is known as a efficient and fair style of management. The main principals of bureaucratic approach are: Promotion based on skills Strict hierarchy of authority Division of labor Formal rules and procedures The advantages are: Presence of top level managers that operate a great control on the organization Rapidity of decision making Efficient and effective work Standardization The disadvantages are: Discourage creativity and innovation because of the absence of participation of employees Decrease of motivation and satisfaction The rigid structure make the employee feel them jailed High turnover rate Task b) 3) In a company we can found two type of group that operates within the organization, the formal and informal groups. The informal groups can be defined as employees that put themselves into non-officially structured groups. Such as an example, groups of friend, ectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The formal groups are groups that are formed by the company to do a special task. In contrast of the informal groups these groups are structured for a efficient division of work. In these groups we can also found a sense of identity, loyalty and finally leadership and purpose. 4) Generally, a team is a group of person with complementary necessary skills to complete a specific job. Teamwork can be defined as work done by a group of persons and each person of this team has done a part of the whole work. Working in team brings many advantages to the organization, but generally the main advantage is the increase of productivity and efficiency. In addition, the motivation is better than in a single working. In our case XYZ Ltd want to develop effective teamwork within the organization to decrease competition between employee and increase productivity. To do that the company will have elaborates some things to make possible the apparition of teamwork. So the first step of the apparition and maintains of teamwork in the organization is the organization culture and this come with the appropriate leadership. The leader must have the required skills and in addition must apply the appropriate style of management (democratic) to make a positive culture within the organization. These factors (such as culture and leadership) have an effect on the motivation of employees and bring commitment in their mind and this is very important with no motivation there is no success because of the lack of effort. Secondly, after the leadership and the culture, employees have to improve communication in the organization because teams need communication to operate to share information, opinions, etc. Communication is one of the bases of teamwork. Thirdly, the confidence is also important. All members of the team have to have skills to manage their task. Without this members of team will not trust each over the will not share the necessary information and this will slow down the effectiveness of the team and will be a barrier to success. Moreover management has to act on the opinion of employees. A bad opinion will conduct to the failure of the project. To act on this and on motivation, one of the main arms of managers is the working environment. A good working environment will improve behavior, satisfaction, motivation and opinion of employees. 5) During the past ten years, because of the globalization, the domain of technology and communication has known a crazy increase and improve. This has helped the amelioration of communication around the world. Thus, we can say that telecommunication and technology can improve team functioning by permitting the exchange of information around the world. In fact, it is the Globalization that brings the new technology appears because of the need of exchange information around the world. The main innovation is this domain was the apparition of the internet and by this email (allows communication (exchange of data) around the world). This will facilitate communication between team members of General Electronic and make the progress to the target easier despite the distance between them. More recently we can see the use of skype a program that allow people to do video conference to be more in contact to each over. Computer makes team members more productive and efficient by permitting the carry of several tasks at the same time. Mobile phone permits the exchange of information orally and at real time. Thus, this technology allows team to save time. In addition, phone makes possible the contact of person even if they are not at the office. Moreover we also have 3G device such as blackberry of Android that permit owner to read their mail at any time (save time and thus money). In conclusion, nowadays working in team, despites if the members are not in the same country, is easy than in the past because of these technologies.

Funding Opportunities for Small Businesses Essay

Analyze funding opportunities for small businesses, including the role of the Small Business Administration (SBA). Then, evaluate the effectiveness of these funding opportunities in light of the current economy. In this time of economic challenges, suggest two ways that the SBA might be of assistance to your small business. Explain how you would request this assistance. Small businesses are leaders in innovation and drivers of the economy. Small businesses hold more patents than all of the nation’s universities and largest corporations combined, and create two thirds of all private sector jobs, employing half of all working Americans. The Federal government is the largest buyer in the world, spending over $500 billion each year. For the Federal government, contracting with small businesses is common sense. Small businesses get the revenue they need to create jobs and drive the economy forward, and federal agencies get the creativity, innovation, and technical expertise of small businesses to help accomplish their mission. When small businesses are excluded from federal contracts, the Federal government, American taxpayers and the nation’s economy lose out. Over 30 years ago, Congress set a goal of having a certain portion of all federal contracting dollars go to small businesses and established sub-goals for small businesses owned by women, socially and economically disadvantaged individuals, and service-disabled veterans of the Armed Forces, and for small businesses in Historically Underutilized Business Zones (HUBZones). The current government-wide goal for small businesses’ share of contracting dollars is 23%. Every year since 2006, the Federal government has missed the 23% small business goal and all but one of the sub-goals; the 2009 shortfall was greater than $4 billion. Removing barriers to federal contracting and increasing access for small businesses will go a long way in closing this gap. Over the past 18 months, the Federal government has taken important steps to increase opportunities for small businesses, from creating new online training for small businesses to issuing a proposed rule to create set-asides for women-owned small businesses in industries in which women are underrepresented. Last summer, the Department of Commerce and the Small Business Administration (SBA) co-led a government-wide effort that involved over 300 matchmaking and training events across the country to ensure American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Recovery Act) contracts were awarded to a broad array of small businesses. With over 31% of Recovery Act contracting dollars going to small businesses, this initiative 2 Report on Small Business Federal Contracting Opportunities proved that, with committed leadership and the right tools, the government has the ability to meet – and exceed – the 23% small business contracting goal. Stronger rules. Insufficient guidance and gaps in current policy hamper the use of tools that provide contracting opportunities for small businesses. The Task Force recommends actions to strengthen and update policies where they are weak or outdated and develop policies where they are lacking. A better equipped, more informed and more accountable acquisition workforce. A lack of knowledge and agency accountability inhibits the government’s ability to meet and exceed small business procurement goals on an ongoing basis. The Task Force recommends increasing the knowledge base and efficiency level of the procurement workforce and providing appropriate incentives and accountability for agencies to meet small business goals. Improved outreach and better use of technology and data. The current data systems in the federal acquisition environment are cumbersome and not user friendly for many small businesses, especially for those who are new to the systems and trying to â€Å"get the ir foot in the door.† The Task Force recommends a one-stop shop for easier access to procurement information, as well as greater focus on the accuracy of procurement data. In the following report, the Task Force outlines the key recommendations and actions needed to meet these priority objectives. The Task Force will report to the President by December 30, 2010, on progress in the implementation of the recommendations in this report. SBA, Commerce, OMB, and the other members of the Task Force are committed to increasing opportunities for small businesses. Small businesses, including businesses owned by women, socially and economically disadvantaged individuals, and service-disabled veterans of our Armed Forces, must be able to participate in the Nation’s economic recovery. They must be able to compete effectively for federal contracts so our agencies, taxpayers, and the broader economy can reap the full benefit of their talents and services. 3 Report on Small Business Federal Contracting Opportunit ies REPORT INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE ON FEDERAL CONTRACTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES Small businesses are leaders in innovation and the drivers of the economy– holding more patents than all of America’s universities and largest corporations combined, creating two thirds of all private sector jobs and employing half of all working Americans. The Federal government is the largest buyer in the world, spending over $500 billion each year. For the Federal government, contracting with small businesses is common sense. Small businesses get the revenue they need to create jobs and drive the economy forward, and federal agencies get the creativity, innovation, and technical expertise of small businesses to help accomplish their mission. When small businesses are excluded from federal contracts, agencies, small businesses, taxpayers and the broader economy lose out. For more than half a century, it has been the policy of the Federal government to provide â€Å"maximum practicable opportunity† for small businesses to participate in federal contracts. To achieve this objective, Congress established an aspirational goal in 1978 for the percentage of annual prime contract spending that should be awarded to small businesses each year. Congress later set the government-wide goal at 23% and created a set of sub-goals to support the participation of special segments of the small business community: small disadvantaged businesses (5%), women-owned small businesses (5%), service-disabled-veteran-owned small businesses (3%), and small businesses in Historically Underutilized Business Zones (HUBZones) (3%). These goals help ensure that a diverse set of small businesses share in the jobs and opportunities created by federal contracting. Since 2006, the Federal government has missed the 23% small business contracting goal and all but one of the sub-goals; the 2009 shortfall for the small business goal was more than $4 billion. This gap must be closed. The barriers to entry for small businesses are numerous: weak policies and rules that limit the effectiveness of tools that are supposed to facilitate contracting opportunities; inadequate workforce training to help contracting officers, small business advocates, and program offices understand how to successfully use contracting tools; and a lack of coordination among and accessibility to agency training and outreach events designed to help small businesses navigate the contracting system. Action must be taken to remove these barriers and ensure small businesses get access to federal contracts. A number of important steps have been taken or are underway to remove barriers and open more doors for small businesses in the federal marketplace. †¢ Later this year, the Small Business Administration (SBA) will implement a new rule on contracting with women-owned small businesses. For the first time, contracting officers will have a tool to set aside contracting opportunities for women-owned small businesses in 4 Report on Small Business Federal Contracting Opportunities industries where women are under-represented. This is a critical step toward increasing opportunities for women-owned small businesses. †¢ This year SBA conducted the first comprehensive review of regulations in ten years governing its 8(a) business development program for disadvantaged small businesses to ensure the program’s effectiveness and increase 8(a) firms’ capacity to obtain contracts. †¢ A series of new online training courses have been rolled out (www.sba.gov/training) to walk small business owners through the steps involved in becoming a government contractor. These tools help small businesses navigate the process. †¢ SBA is conducting a comprehensive review of its size standards for small businesses – the first in 25 years – to ensure they accurately reflect the state of each industry. †¢ SBA is working actively to identify and eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse in its business programs through a strengthened certification, eligibility and enforcement process.

Gay-Lussacs Law Definition (Chemistry)

Gay-Lussacs law is an ideal gas law which states that at constant volume, the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature  (in Kelvin). The formula for the law may be stated as: Pwhere PGay-Lussacs law is also known as the pressure law. French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac formulated it around 1808. Other ways of writing Gay-Lussacs law make it easy to solve for the pressure or temperature of a gas: PPTWhat Gay-Lussac's Law Means The importance of this gas law is that it shows that increasing the temperature of a gas causes its pressure to rise proportionally (assuming the volume doesnt change). Similarly, decreasing the temperature causes the pressure to fall proportionally. Gay-Lussac's Law Example If 10.0 L of oxygen exerts 97.0 kPa at 25 degrees Celsius, what temperature (in Celsius) is needed to change its pressure to standard pressure? To solve this, you first need to know (or look up) standard pressure. Its 101.325 kPa. Next, remember that gas laws apply to absolute temperature, which means Celsius (or Fahrenheit) must be converted to Kelvin. The formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin is: K degrees Celsius 273.15 K 25.0 273.15 K 298.15 Now you can plug the values into the formula to solve for the temperature: TTTAll thats left is to convert the temperature back to Celsius: C K - 273.15 C 311.44 - 273.15 C 38.29 degrees Celsius Using the correct number of significant figures, the temperature is 38.3 degrees Celsius. Gay-Lussac's Other Gas Laws Many scholars consider Gay-Lussac to be the first to formulate Amontons law of pressure-temperature. Amontons law states that the pressure of a certain mass and volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. In other words, if the temperature of a gas increases, so does the gass pressure, providing its mass and volume remain constant. Gay-Lussac is also credited for other gas laws, which are sometimes called Gay-Lussacs law.  For instance, Gay-Lussac stated that all gases have the same mean thermal expansivity at constant pressure and temperature. Basically, this law states that many gases behave predictably when heated. Gay-Lussac is sometimes credited as being the first to state Daltons law, which says that the total pressure of a gas is the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases.

Essay Life and Work of Martin Luther King Jr. - 2061 Words

Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights activist from the 1950’s to 1968 with a strong religious background. A strong advocator for all minorities, King did all in his power to end barriers of community; poverty, racism and militarism. The principle he focused more on, however, was racism. King defined racism as prejudice, apartheid, ethnic conflict, anti-Semitism, sexism, colonialism, homophobia, ageism, or discrimination against disabled groups and stereotypes. Later turning his efforts to poverty, King believed that the United States should have equal rights for all men, women and children. Martin Luther King Jr. had a strong philosophy of non-violent protests, called civil disobedience, to which he gained supporters, changing the†¦show more content†¦From there, he attended Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania, where he received his Bachelor of Divinity in 1951. While at Crozer, King was elected student body president in a primarily white class, and graduated as valedictorian. King’s education allowed him to be seen with professional stature, known for eloquence in his communication. Previously influenced heavily by Gandhi and Frederick Douglass, King began to shift his beliefs to Reinhold Niebuhr’s neo-orthodoxy, which emphasized the complexity of social evil. A classmate of his father’s, Niebuhr mentored King and challenged his liberal views of theology, influencing King’s spiritual development. Studying both psychology and theology, King understood the connections that combined the two, and used them to change words into actions. After graduating from Crozer, King attended Boston University, where he received his doctorate in 1955. While attending Boston University, he met Coretta Scott, who attended the New England Conservatory School in Boston, a singer and dancer. Soon after, in June of 1953, the couple was married. After finishing school, King became a pastor at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Pastoring for many years, King later realized, however, that he was slowly being called away from his inherited calling. In 1960, King founded the National Urban League which provided black migrants with education and employment, allowing interracialShow MoreRelatedOutliers Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesOutlier Essay: Martin Luther King Jr. An outlier is a person or thing situated away or detached from the main body or system. In other words, an outlier is somebody who goes out of his or her way and does something extraordinary in order to accomplish their goal. Martin Luther King Jr. is a true example of an outlier. In the early 1900s, segregation was strongly recognized in the United States, until Martin Luther King Jr. stood up for what he believed in and made a change. Although he made a differenceRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. What Was The Point Of Segregation711 Words   |  3 Pagesdays of August 1963, Martin Luther king Jr did a march down a Washington D.C street that was very important to the united states to stop most legalized segregation. This was the point of discrimination that Martin Luther King Jr has faced. Background: This is part of the march on washington for jobs and freedom. The march is to help make segregation illegal. Segregation was a law made during jim crow laws times when he thought that blacks didn’t deserve to go to school or work with white men andRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay871 Words   |  4 Pages Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was born in Atlanta Georgia on January 15, 1929. His parents were Reverend Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams King. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his siblings were guided by the spiritual teachings from their father and attended public schools in Atlanta during their childhood. King and his nine siblings grew up in a financially secure middle class family. They received a better education than the average child of their race, King noticed this and it influencedRead MoreEssay on The Life of Martin Luther King Jr.1244 Words   |  5 Pagesdevoted his life to changing the world. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born to Alberta and Martin Luther King. Alberta Williams King was born September 13, 1904 in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King, Sr. was born December 19, 1899 in Stockbridge, Georgia. Martins dad was a pastor at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother was a school teacher. His siblings were Christine King Farris born S eptember 11, 1927, and Alfred Daniel Williams King born July 30, 1930. Martin was theRead Moreâ€Å"I Am Happy To Join With You Today In What Will Go Down1420 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.† (Lerone Bennett Jr. pg.125) Being a hero means to be a leader. To be a leader you have to have strength, courage, and commitment. In the 1960s, there were many leaders fighting for what they believe is the right of freedom and equality of all people. A major leader, Martin Luther King Jr. was involved in the Civil Rights Movement during the 60s. King was influenced by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi. He wanted to seekRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr., A Political Icon Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause they and their accomplishments have forever changed society and the world. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of those individuals. Martin Luther Kings contributions to history place him in this inimitable posit ion. One of the great figures in the march of human history, Martin Luther King Jr., like Gandhi before him, lived by a heroic credo of non-violence. More than two decades since his death, Martin Luther King ideas; his call for racial equality, his faith in the ultimate triumph of justiceRead MoreBeing A Hero Means To Be A Leader. To Be A Leader You Have1124 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom and equality of all people. Major leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X they were involved with the Civil Rights Movement during the 60s. They were willing to fight until the end to make a change in society. Both men wanted to give the rights to all black people in America of living as an equal human being. But they both had their own ways of trying to make history and trying to make a difference for black people. Martin Luther believed in fighting verbally to fight with wisdomRead MoreWho knew the two most powerful African Americans that influence countless of people in history and700 Words   |  3 Pagesinspirational work while locked up in jail? Martin Luther King Jr. was incarcerated because the city officials issued a court injunction to prohibit the civil rights marches in Birmingham. Whereas, Malcolm x was arrested for burglary while trying to pick up a stolen watch he had left for repairs at a jewelry shop. The fight for civil right was taken in the 1960s, where racism was a problem. Whites discriminated blacks because they thought they werent equal to them. This is where Martin Luther King Jr. andRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles,Read MoreThe Beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. versus Malcolm X Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesBeliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. versus Malcolm X â€Å"I have a dream, that one day little black boys and black girls will join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sister and brother.† (de Kay 75)†¦Martin Luther King Jr. During the past century, the United States of America has wresled with the problem of inequality between black and white people. Two influential people who helped to combat racism and the inequality of man were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm